{"id":5516,"date":"2025-12-11T05:08:08","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T04:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nkvts.dev08.dekodes.no\/english\/academic-article\/thinking-about-what-might-have-happened-counterfactual-thinking-and-post-traumatic-stress-in-individuals-directly-and-indirectly-exposed-to-the-2011-oslo-bombing\/"},"modified":"2025-12-11T05:08:08","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T04:08:08","slug":"thinking-about-what-might-have-happened-counterfactual-thinking-and-post-traumatic-stress-in-individuals-directly-and-indirectly-exposed-to-the-2011-oslo-bombing","status":"publish","type":"academic-article","link":"https:\/\/nkvts.dev08.dekodes.no\/english\/academic-article\/thinking-about-what-might-have-happened-counterfactual-thinking-and-post-traumatic-stress-in-individuals-directly-and-indirectly-exposed-to-the-2011-oslo-bombing\/","content":{"rendered":"\n

We studied the relationship between type and frequency of CFT and post-traumatic stress in a sample of directly (n?=?50) and indirectly exposed (n?=?50) ministerial employees 4?years after the 2011 Oslo bombing. The results showed that frequency of CFT was associated with levels of post-traumatic stress, among both directly and indirectly exposed participants. In the directly exposed group, self-reported frequencies of downward counterfactuals were associated with post-traumatic stress. A similar trend was found for upward counterfactuals. In the indirectly exposed group, self-reported frequencies of both upward and downward counterfactuals were associated with higher levels of post-traumatic stress. These results point to the intriguing possibility that people may not only develop post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of actual experiences, but also via mental simulations of traumatic events that could have happened.<\/p>\n<\/body><\/html>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"file":0,"project":[0]},"publication_tag":[],"topic_tax":[4],"class_list":["post-5516","academic-article","type-academic-article","status-publish","hentry","topic_tax-disasters-terror-and-stress-management"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nkvts.dev08.dekodes.no\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/academic-article\/5516","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nkvts.dev08.dekodes.no\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/academic-article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nkvts.dev08.dekodes.no\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/academic-article"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nkvts.dev08.dekodes.no\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"publication_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nkvts.dev08.dekodes.no\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_tag?post=5516"},{"taxonomy":"topic_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nkvts.dev08.dekodes.no\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic_tax?post=5516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}